2009

Tuesday, November 24, 2009

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Saturday, November 7, 2009

Refugees: Problems and assistance
Although the phenomenon of refugees is ancient history, not until the twentieth century, characterized by an unprecedented exodus of population, when those are considered first as persons in need of international legal protection and therefore perceived differently compared to other classes of immigrants. Thus, the 1951 Universal applications, laid the foundation of the common distinction which has since been made in the international system between refugees and other migrants. In this sense, besides those attributed to political motives and they fundamentally economic, tacitly assumed that the refugees have been forcibly displaced, while for other migrants still exists a degree of choice in the decision to leave their homes .
Currently, the numerous migrations caused by wars forced, particularly civil conflict leading to complex emergencies (Sudan, Somalia, Liberia, Angola, Burundi, Congo, Rwanda, Bosnia, Chechnya, Albania, etc..) have become the phenomenon of refugees in one of the main problems to those faced by the international community.
From the 1970's, the majority of global forced displacement began to occur in Asia and Africa after a troubled period of decolonization in many countries. In Central America, the widespread and systematic violation of human rights and freedoms during the 80 also caused massive population exodus. This constant increase in the number of displaced persons because of persecution or armed conflict, political violence there since the mid-70's intensified in the years following the end of the Cold War, especially in the period between 1989 and 1993. If in 1975 the UNHCR (High Commissioner for Refugees) accounted for a total of 2.4 million refugees worldwide in 1989 this number increased to 14.8 million, reaching in 1993 the figure record 18.2 million. From this date onwards, we see a downward trend, falling to 14.5 million in 1995 and 13.2 million in 1997. The most recent data provided by the UNHCR indicate that in 1999 there were approximately 11.6 million refugees worldwide and more than a million asylum seekers . As we shall see below, the majority of refugees and IDPs are women and children.
However, this reduction in the external displacement is parallel to the substantial increase in the number of IDPs , ie those who, being in a situation similar to that of refugees, have failed to cross an international border but who remain within their country of origin or residence. Despite being the subject of growing attention from the international community of more than 20 million internally displaced people is estimated in the world, only 4 million have received protection and assistance of UNHCR in 1999.
Moreover, the successive processes of repatriation or return home that have occurred since the beginning of the decade of the 90 (Ethiopia, Namibia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mozambique and Rwanda) have also contributed to decrease the percentage of refugees and increase that of those considered as having returned, which is currently 2.5 million are recorded.
Since 1995, both IDPs and returnees formally considered as persons of concern to UNHCR, a category which also includes those affected by the war in former Yugoslavia, established population in the Russian Federation (from other countries of the CIS and Baltic countries) and stateless persons or persons without citizenship officially recognized. In total, UNHCR registered in 1999 and assumed the responsibility to protect and assist more than 22 million people worldwide.
Regarding the geographical distribution of the refugee population, according to 1999, most located in Asia, with 4'7 million refugees, mainly in its southern half countries (Iran, Pakistan, Indonesia, Thailand) and the republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Secondly, Africa is home to 3.5 million refugees, settled in greater numbers in countries such as Tanzania, Guinea, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda and Zambia. In Europe, where there are 2.6 million refugees, most located in the west (Germany, Holland, France), as well as in Yugoslavia and the Russian Federation. Finally, in America there are nearly 700,000 refugees, most of them in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Costa Rica. To these figures must also add the nearly three million Palestinian refugees, a fourth generation found in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere in the Middle East (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon) and who are not assisted by UNHCR, but by the Works Agency United Nations Relief and Refugees in Palestine. With regard to internal displacement, the problem is at its greatest in countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina, Sri Lanka, Colombia, Azerbaijan, Sierra Leone, the Russian Federation, Georgia and Afghanistan.
The geographical distribution of refugees indicated that most of the refugee crisis since the 70's place in the world's most impoverished regions. The international community's response these attacks has been traditionally based on the assumption that local infrastructure can not, without external support, to cope by themselves in situations of massive population displacements. Thus, over time the refugees have become the center of a complex network of institutionalized care to the referred under the term "international refugee regime." The reason for this support scheme, whose key players include UNHCR, NGOs [ NGO Networks , NGOs (Non Governmental Organization) ] and host governments, is the provision of legal protection and material assistance to refugee populations.
In particular, they can identify two distinct models of international assistance to refugees, according to the scale of the crisis and its location (Zetter, 1998:9). The most widespread model is the one applied to large-scale forced displacement produced in developing countries situations in which the priority is to ensure the survival of refugees. This is a model based on the most basic human needs and conceived as a temporary response to the crisis. In this sense, the refugee camps are often seen as the most efficient solution in political terms (minimization of social risks and politicians to host governments) and practical (easier in the financing and delivery and distribution of humanitarian aid by donor countries and humanitarian organizations). Despite the criticism and controversy surrounding the refugee camps (Harrell-Bond, 1986), organized the establishment of settlements is still the core of the international community's response to refugee crises, especially in Africa . In the case of refugee camps, UNHCR assumed a leading role within the international humanitarian system, since it is the agency that coordinates and oversees the implementation of specific aid programs in various sectors (nutrition, health, education, etc..) undertaken by other United Nations organizations (pma , undp, unicef \u200b\u200b ), NGOs and host governments.
However, not all of the refugee population is concentrated in organized camps, but there are many refugees are located in "settlements." These refugees, who receive little or no international assistance, often remain in the border areas of the host country-as close to the country of origin and, as in the case of Liberian refugees in Guinea and Ivory Coast can reach a considerable degree of self-sufficiency.
Another category of refugees living in different circumstances to those of organized settlement is the so-called "urban refugees." According to UNHCR, 1997, there are about 200,000 urban refugees worldwide, which are concentrated in larger numbers in cities such as Cairo, Islamabad, New Delhi and Rio de Janeiro (UNHCR, 1997:63). As spontaneously settled refugees, the international attention given to urban refugees is very limited. Scarce resources for humanitarian agencies for their assistance intended chiefly to the granting of financial subsidies and development programs for job creation, generation income and training. To the extent that in many developing countries increase the difficulties of rural life, and that services are organized in many poor settlements, UNHCR expects the increase in the coming years the number of refugees who decide to move from rural areas to the capitals and cities of the host countries.
Moreover, a second model of international aid to the refugee population consists of different forms and mechanisms of integration of refugees in the host society, especially in the workplace and education, while we provide a range of support services under their own national structures welfare services. This is often the answer given in the case of developing countries, where the influx of refugees is lower. It is managed and financed a response almost entirely by the host country, which assumes the settlement of refugees as a permanent solution to their situation.
The increase in the last decades of refugee flows coincide, however, with implementation by developing countries of asylum and immigration increasingly restrictive. A clear example in this respect is the promotion by the European Union of various instruments of containment to prevent that people could be considered legally as refugees have access to the territory of States required to grant asylum. These tools may include the creation of "safe areas" to prevent the outflow of refugees and encourage their return ; development of readmission agreements, the temporary protection status, the lists of safe third countries, the denial of summary procedures at airports social benefit cuts to the asylum seekers, and the push for assisted or forced repatriation (Raper, 1999:125). Such measures, which have popularized the term "Fortress Europe" not only being promoted by the European territory and West in general, but also are reflected in countries with a long and proud tradition of welcoming refugees, as is the paradigmatic case of Tanzania. Restrictive trends in asylum worldwide, in short, have contributed to increased pressure on the international refugee regime, which has entered a process of gradual transformation that is not conducive to protection and assistance to the refugee population but on the contrary, becomes increasingly vulnerable.
Refugee Women and gender
The study of refugee issues and internally displaced persons and returnees, requires an analysis of gender , which until recently has been ignored. That analysis is necessary, first, to take into consideration the needs and concerns of women as a majority group that are in these groups, and, secondly, to observe the changes, positive and sometimes negative, which the situation of discrimination suffered during flight, the time of retreat and return.
80% of refugee and displaced populations are women and children. This disproportionate representation of certain groups (generic and age ranges) is the result of a particular division of tasks in conflict situations: men are, mostly, the number of combatants, women, however, are charged with protecting the place of residence and when this is impossible, are responsible for finding other places where people most vulnerable to conflict (small creatures, the elderly, sick, and they themselves) have conditions that will allow them to survive. The finding of the high percentage of women among the refugee and displaced populations has meant that bilateral and multilateral agencies to review some of its concepts and practices of assistance.
Although women are the largest groups affected by forced migration, and that there are international legal and institutional instruments to protect them when they flee for reasons of race, religion, nationality or political opinion, the fact is that gender inequality has not been seen as factor risk for women fleeing to other parts of the country or abroad, that makes them so worthy of protection. In recent years women's organizations have begun to make some pressure to achieve this recognition, in the case of women fleeing violence from their partner or non-consensual marriage arrangements. While UNHCR has encouraged States to consider as a social group capable of being protected women persecuted for transgressing the cultural practices that keep their discrimination, has left to the discretion of the countries in complying with such recommendation.
refugee and displaced women often experience changes in their situation during the time they remain as such, is in the direction of further exacerbate their inequality in relation to men or to enhance some skills that promote their empowerment. Such transformations are often especially pronounced when they live in areas that receive foreign aid (see refugee camp ). Guatemalan refugees in Mexico, for example, were supported to their literacy and learning of Castilian, which allowed them to expand their relationship and do some business on their own when they returned to their country (Lozano, 1996). In other cases, loss of home-field scenario for many women is the only place where they can exert some kind of authority can affect in particular, by forcing them to perform in areas that are unfamiliar groups. When it is possible to maintain a certain amount of intimacy, as in the first shelter on the border between Burma and Thailand, where families were partially self-sufficient, the imbalance decreases.
The food problem is usually one of the most severe in these circumstances. Apart from the fact that diet is impoverished by the shortage of food and because some of them may be unfamiliar to the refugees, the practice of feeding men first female malnutrition worsens when supplies are insufficient (see intrahousehold allocation of resources). In addition, the lack of fuel means that women can not exercise their task of cooking for her family, which can cause problems in their self-esteem.
In the design of the camps, often erected quickly and with a provisional idea that reality does not confirm, do not always take into account the desirability of making available to women sources of water, health services, food distribution centers and other facilities to provide services. On the contrary, its location is often inaccessible or unsafe, the time required to supply can be extended and housework provided by women, becoming a cause of greater physical and psychological (see gender roles.) Medical care during the shelter is generally poor and doomed to the most urgent needs, such as prevention of epidemics by ingestion of contaminated water (see water and sanitation ) product or infections to unsanitary conditions. Similarly, the reproductive health of displaced women and refugees is often not a priority in these circumstances. Some of their basic needs such as sanitary towels for menstruation are often forgotten.
violence during flight, in the place of refuge and in return, is a serious problem affecting women. In their hasty flight risk to meet with members of the enemy who consider rape as a "weapon of war" which inflicts humiliation and defeat, not only the sufferer, but his entire family and community environment. Before coming to the shelter, women have to defend themselves from attacks by border guards and even men who are also fleeing the war. The extreme vulnerability caused by the loss of assets, resources and social support networks, encourages women to be sexually blackmailed in exchange for offers, real or fictitious, protection, documents or assistance. Overcrowding in the camps, lack of lighting and the remoteness of the facilities are also risk factors for physical and psychological for women (see women, violence against ).
The return may also be the scene of violence against women, as they often find that their desire to return to place of origin will cause new conflicts. Your belongings may have been destroyed, their homes occupied by other people and their land, in the case of rural women. The possibility of resuming a stable life depend on the ability they have to prove ownership of your property or find conciliation, to help them resolve disputes with the people that went to the shelter.
processes and return flight originated in women change their habits and community relations as well as in their self-esteem and their ability to respond to situations. Depending on the support they have been in such situations, they can integrate the changes positively or experience them as a disaster. Salvadoran women refugees in Honduras, example, consider that this experience allowed them to develop skills disrupted his belief that only serve to house and care for creatures, but the return took away the possibility of continuing this process and, paradoxically, at the present value of positive changes made during the war and the negative way that brought them peace (Vázquez, 2000). During the 90
, UNHCR has developed a series of mechanisms that allow a better assessment and planning assistance to refugee and displaced women, and range from the breakdown by sex of all information to participation of Refugees in developing recommendations to address the problems identified. With these measures is to clarify the support required by women refugees, displaced persons and returnees, but also indicate that since the female population who live mostly these circumstances, all protection policies to be carried out will affect them so direct. IM and UNHCR
NV
Bibliography (1991), Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women, Geneva.
UNHCR (1995), The situation of refugees in the world. In Search of Solutions, National Institute of Social Services (Ministry of Social Affairs), Alianza Editorial, Madrid. UNHCR
(1997), The situation of refugees in the world 1997-1998. A humanitarian program, Icaria Editorial, Barcelona.
UNHCR (1999), "Refugees and Others of Concern to UNHCR. 1999 Statistical Overview." Available online: http://www.unchr.ch
UNHCR (various issues), Refugees, Geneva.
Ferris, EG (1993), Beyond Borders. Refugees, Migrants and Human Rights in the Post-Cold War Era, WCC Publications, Geneva.
Harrell-Bond, BE (1986), Imposing Aid. Emergency Assistance to Refugees, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Lozano, I. (1996), Evaluation report of work with refugee women in Chiapas, 1991-1995, UNHCR, Mexico DC
RSC-HEGOA (various issues), Forced Migration, Refugee Studies Centre (University of Oxford) and HEGOA (Basque Country University), Oxford-Bilbao.
RSP-HEGOA (1996), RPN, Refugee Participation Network, Communication Network on Refugees, No. 22, September (monograph: "Who protects refugees?"), Refugee Studies Programme (Oxford University) and HEGOA (University Basque Country), Oxford-Bilbao.
Raper, M. (1999), "Refugees and displaced population," Foreign Policy, vol. XIII, No. 68, March-April, pp. 123-133.
Roberts, A. (1998), "More Refugees, Less Asylum: A Regime in Transformation", in Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 11, No. 4, Oxford, pp. 375-395.
Vázquez, N. (2000), Refugees and displaced Salvadoran: acquisition of new skills, ICWR, Washington.
Zetter, R. (1998): "International Perspectives on Refugee Assistance ', in Ager, A. (Ed.), Refugees: Contemporary Perspectives on the Experience of Forced Migration, Cassell (GB), pp. 1-27.

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

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Mass march for immigrant and refugee rights in Chile

its quest to defend the rights of immigrants and refugees arriving in Chile, CORPHUEX participated in the march organized by Raul Paiba and the Committee of Peruvian Refugees in Chile. This initiative aimed to leave a letter to President Michelle Bachelet explaining the grave situation faced by both refugees and immigrants to suffer delays in the management of their permanent residence and asylum applications by the Department of Immigration and Migration.

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Corphuex with the African community in Chile

Corphuex has been active in various community events dela immigrants and refugees in Chile. These images, correspond to the time of dissemination of African culture in Chile, organized by Hakuna Matata.

Wednesday, June 24, 2009

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SUNDAY, DAY CELEBRATION REFUGEE MUNIDAL

CORPHUEX, was present the day Sunday in the day REFUGEE MUNDI at Mass at the shrine Mary Immaculate, which had also activities for children and refugee families.

Tuesday, June 23, 2009

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World Refugee Day.

the 21st of June, carried out the planting of 5 trees representing the five continents, in the garden Mapulemu Metropolitan Park, which was attended by the undersecretary of the interior, Patrick Roseberry, Fabio Varoli, UNHCR, vicar of pastoral and social workers, refugee families in Chile,

Friday, June 19, 2009

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ALFREDO DI NATALE IN MADRID

Dear friends,

The National Champion Penta Marinera Norteña Trujillo Alfredo Dinatale, based in Miami, come to Madrid and will be teaching classes.

places and times are as follows:

's Corner Restaurant

Folklore (c / walk Workshops 1 within a football field Boetticher, metro villaverde low beam)

Wednesday June 24: 18: 00 to 21:00 hrs

Thursday June 25 from 18:00 to 21:00

Price: 20 euros an hour. Group class.

Metro Chambers of Cuzco

(By the lockers, odd output within the metro)

Friday June 26: 17:00 to 19:00

price: 20 euros an hour. Group class.

Academy "Estampas Peruanas"

(c / Opañel portalegre 8 meters or Urgel-rooms of the Christ of Peace Parish)

Saturday June 27:

Basics: 10:00 to 11:00
Advanced: from 11:00 to 12:00

Price: 10 euros an hour. Group class. Belonging to Estampas Peruanas.

Regards. Miguel Mendoza

Estampas Peruanas 600 739 514 CALL

Wednesday, May 27, 2009

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Vivamérica 2009

Dear compatriots,

As in previous years, House America Live America organized the March on the occasion of the celebration of Columbus Day on October 12. Estampas Peruanas In previous editions has always been involved.

For this third edition, we would call all the associations to join this event to make up the name of our country and to show our culture through our dance.

To all who are interested, please contact estampas_peruanas@hotmail.com or telephone 600 739 514.

Wednesday, May 20, 2009

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In 1972, the State of Chile formally joined the UN charter on refugees in the world. It was almost like a premonition of what would happen a year later, the coup and the subsequent exile of thousands of compatriots. Today, when the wounds of our recent past has not completely closed and the economic boom has made us forget that solidarity which both boasted to us, we face the reality of thousands of displaced people worldwide. More than 30 conflicts of varying intensity and characteristics, have forced millions to flee their countries of origin. Chile has reached only about 1,500 people from different nationalities, seeking a new opportunity although most have met with a harsh reality: racism, bureaucracy and lack of job opportunities make their lives even harder. This research is a small picture window to these worlds, from foreign lands have been installed in our country. Regardless of creeds, colors and cultures, you begin to generate a new idiosyncrasy, a new blend that sooner or later will become part of this land and its people. NLD

(*) This research is being conducted with the support of the Avina Foundation

Friday, May 15, 2009

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CALL UP THE PARTY dressed in PERU THANKS TO

We express our gratitude to all individuals and institutions that supported the First International Festival of Marinera Norteña "Peru in Heart of Spain 2009 "also thank those who attended the event, which was over 500 and filled the venue, very quickly.

The organization went very pleased with the success of the contest, also for the congratulations that made us reach the various institutions and personalities who attended the event, also by the public and the contestants themselves.

The event was attended by Mr. Fernando Isasi (Consul General of Peru in Madrid), Augusto Cabrera (representative of the Embassy of Peru in Spain), Gustavo Galiani (representative of the Immigration of the Community of Madrid), representatives of Eurocasa, Latintours, Latino Leisure, solidarity NGOs joining efforts, Restaurant Traditions Trujillo, Hermandad Virgen de la Puerta, Events Room Cathedral, Fiorella Boutique.

Tuesday, March 24, 2009

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I SEAFOOD FESTIVAL OF INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF NORTHERN MARINER "PERU IN THE HEART OF SPAIN 2009

CULTURAL ASSOCIATION "PRINTS PERUVIAN"

ORGANIZER:

I SEAFOOD FESTIVAL OF NORTHERN
"PERU IN THE HEART OF SPAIN 2009"

May 8

Tel 600 739 514 E

-mail estampas_peruanas@hotmail.com
CONTEST ORGANIZATION

Cultural Association "Estampas Peruanas" is who makes the bases that govern this contest, following the dissemination of our culture in Spain.

The Organizing Committee consists of people who know and love our national dance. SM

Esther I, has been elected Queen of the First International Festival of Marinera Norteña "Peru in the Heart of Spain 2009" for its beauty, grace, charm and passion for Seafood.

OBJECTIVES - To promote and spread the practice and learning of La Marinera in Peru, Spain and worldwide.
- Preserving the identity of people as an art form taking into account our mixture, taking care not to lose the essence and maintain our roots.
- Rate on par with distributing our customs, music and traditional dances of Peru.
- Encourage fair competition in the cultists dancing to recognize and reward the effort.
- Reaching out to all Peruvians living in Spain and in the world that can join the celebration of this festival which aims to institutionalize as a model of the traditional Peruvian culture.

PLACE, DATE AND TIME OF COMPETITION

be held on May 8, 2009 at 18:00 hrs. Chamber events in "La Catedral" de Madrid (C / Camino Viejo Leganés, 100. CP 28 025).

Hits:

By car: C / General Ricardos.
By Bus: Lines 34, 35, 108, 118.
By Metro: Oporto (lines 5 and 6) and Opañel (line 6).
* location map is attached

Hours: 18:00

delivery of credentials.
19:30 Opening of the Contest. 20:00
Cup. 21:00
Semifinal. 22:00
Final.
22:30 Award Ceremony. PARTICIPANTS

can involve all people of different nationalities practitioners Marinera, respecting the rules and accept the rules that govern it.

It is not allowed the participation of national club champions freedom of Trujillo in the same category as those who elected them.

REGISTRATION Registration is free and runs through May 5 in our e estampas_peruanas@hotmail.com, having to scan your ID or passport. No registrations will be accepted the day of the contest just adjustments and confirmations.

Couples must present original passport or ID card to receive their credentials, so to prove their authenticity and two passport photos. Any alteration in the documentation will be grounds for elimination.

Defines the category of the couple, the oldest member.

Couples who are not at the time of his call, lost all options to compete. PARTICIPATION

registered couples are required to participate in both events of the competition, as in the parade prior to the competition in each category.

Couples are required to respect these rules and to interpret the sailors who were assigned by lottery.

The winning couples all levels are committed to the delivery of his championship the following year. MUSIC

Topics will be drawn before each round. Also, the dance floor will be drawn, prior to participation, each pair taking the bolus respective contestant with the track number.

The Mariners interpreted in the playoffs and semifinals will be:

huanchaquero
01 .- The 02 .- 03 .-
Marinera Veronica Que viva Chiclayo
04 .- 05 .- Courage
Cholo Trujillo de mis Amores
06 .- The Achiever
Concheperla
07 .- The 08 .- The Centennial Master

09 .- Goodbye 10 .- Miss Sailor
Bonita 11 .- Sweet and Antonia

12 .-
The Mariners interpreted in the Final are as follows:

01 .- 02 .- So Chavimochic
Dance my Trujillana
03 .- To dance Maria Teresa

CATEGORIES

Each category must have a minimum of 5 pairs of the organizing committee otherwise join the category up or down depending on the case.

The categories considered are:

Children up to 12 years.

Youth: From 13 to 20 years.

Adults: 21 to 35 years.

Seniors: over 36 years.

Best Couple 2009: the couples champions in their respective categories in the competition.

All ages will be considered a day before the conclusion of the contest. AWARDS

Children:

1st place: 300 €, gold, band of champions, scapular champion, and diplomas.
2 nd place: Silver medals and diplomas.
3 rd place: Bronze medals and diplomas.

Juveniles:

1st place: 300 €, gold, band of champions, scapular champion, and diplomas.
2 nd place: Silver medals and diplomas.
3 rd place: Bronze medals and diplomas.

Adults:

1st place: 300 €, gold, band of champions, scapular champion, and diplomas.
2 nd place: Silver medals and diplomas.
3 rd place: Bronze medals and diplomas.

Seniors:

1st place: 300 €, a band of champions, scapular championship gold medals and diplomas.
2 nd place: Silver medals and diplomas.
3 rd place: Bronze medals and diplomas. Best Couple

champion:

Gold, Banda's champion, champion scapular, and diplomas.

JURY AND THE STATUS

The jury is made up of qualified people, aware and knowledgeable of our folklore. His decision is final.

Jurors must take into account the following parameters: clothing, personality, poise, footwork, rhythm and meter, message of the dance, elegance and grace, coordination and understanding is not devoid of spontaneity.

The rating of all categories will be with palette in hand, as follows:

Qualifying: The qualifying will be from 1 to 5.
Semifinal: the rating is 3 to 5. Final
: qualified with the terms 1, 2 and 3 position.

In case of tie, revert to the previous score obtained for this situation continue, there will be a drawing for one of the judges may not issue a verdict.

Organising Committee reserves the right to settle any case not provided in these rules.

PRIZE DRAWING FROM THE ASSISTANT PUBLIC

1 will be drawn round trip Lima-Madrid Madrid-

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